Ancient History: General knowledge (Jainism)

 

Hanuman STUDIES

Question 1: The Concept of Anuvrata was advocated by which of the following?

(A) Hinayana Buddhism
(B) Mahayana Buddhism
(C) Jainism
(D) The Lokayukta School

Answer: The correct answer to this question is option (C) Jainism

Explanation:
There are 5 principles of Jainism. They are 'Ahimsa', 'Asateya', 'Aparigraha', 'Satya' and 'Brahmacharya'. If these principles are followed by a monk, it is called Mahavrata and if these principles are observed by any devotee, then it is called Anuvrata.

Question 2: Which of the following is not a part of early Jain literature?

(A) Sutrakritanga
(B) Therigatha
(C) Acarangasutra
(D) Brihatkalpsutra

Answer: The correct answer to this question is option (B) Therigatha

Explanation:
Therigatha is a part of Buddhist literature and was compiled by Buddhist nuns. It contains the poems on Lord Buddha. While the rest are the parts of Jain Literature.

Jainism (Few important points):

1. There were 24 Jain Tirthankaras, the first being Rishabhadeva/Adinatha and last being Mahavira.
2. According to Vishnu Purana and the Bhagavat Purana, Rishabhadeva has been described as the incarnation of Narayana.
3. The name of two Jain Tirthankaras is found - Rishabhadeva and Arishtanemi.
4. The 23rd tirthankar of Jain gave four main teachings, that were: Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya and Aparigraha. Mahavira adopted all these four teachings and added one more, that is Brahmacharya.
5. Doctrines of Jainism also known as Triratna i.e Three Gems of Jainism:
   I. Samyak Shradha/Viswas (Right Faith),
   II. Samyak Jnan (Right knowledge)
   III. Samyak karma/ Archarana (Right action/conduct)
6. There were five vows of Jainism or Panch Mahavaratas
   I. Ahimsa
   II. Satya
   III. Asteya
   IV. Aparigraha
   V. Brahmacharya
7. Jainism was divided into two sects, they are: Shvetambaras (those who put on white robes) and Digambaras (those who were stark naked).
8. The important Jain texts are: Kalpasutra - Bhadrabahu, Bhadrabahu Charita, Parishishta Parvan - Hemchandra.
9. Some examples of royal patrons of Jainism are Nandas; Bimbisar, Ajatshatru and Udayin, Chandragupta Maurya, Ganga dynasty and Kadamb dynasty in South India.
10. Some examples of Jain Architecture are caves at Hathigumpha, Baghagumpha, Dilwara temples, pavapuri temples, Rajagriha temple.

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